Aurally similar trademarks are those that sound similar when said, or played in the case of sound marks.

Visual similarity in trademarks is acording to how they look. It can apply o the arranagements of the letters in word marks as well as the look of figurative marks, also known as logo marks. Examples would be DogTired and DogTried or AadVark And ArtVaak

Trademark similarity for word marks and figurative marks are 1) aural,: how it sounds, 2) visual; how it looks, and b) conceptual.; the concept it conveys. So Mycrowsoft who be considered too aurally similar to Microsoft. Visual similarity would prevent the registration of airdmd as too visually similar to airbnb…

Similarity and relative grounds for refusal of a trademark applications are when the trademark is already in use, or too similar to one in use, for the same Goods and Services. The test of similarity is whether there there is a likelihood of confusion or association between the two trademarks….

Absolute grounds for refusal of a trademark are many, most common are descriptiveness, lack of distinctive character, being generic. Also exclusion due to shape or other characteristic. Bad faith is also grounds for refusal and is where an application is judged to have been made to impede another firm, rather…